Training funds are used to incentivize training in developing countries, but the funds are based on payroll taxes that lower the return to training. In the absence of training funds, larger, high-wage...
According to T.W. Schultz, the returns to human capital are highest in economic environments experiencing unexpected price, productivity, and technology shocks that create "disequilibria." In such environments...
Many educators and policymakers have argued for lenient grade promotion policy - even automatic promotion - in developing country settings where grade retention rates are high. The argument assumes that...
This paper uses a new standardized micro database for a large set of developing countries to (1) describe the patterns of labor market outcomes for youth, and (2) explain the contributions of supply and...
This issue includes the following: making conditional cash transfer programs more efficient: designing for maximum effect of the conditionality, by Alain de Janvry, and Elisabeth Sadoulet. Child labor...
Using country-level data, this report lays out the broad stylized facts regarding the relationship between child labor and per capita GDP, adult literacy, and the share of agriculture in the economy. The...
The authors use a unique data set on adult earnings in Brazil to study how child labor affects adult earnings through its impacts on work experience, years of schooling, and human capital attained per...
The authors use a unique data set on language, and mathematics test scores for third, and fourth graders in eleven different Latin American countries, to determine whether child labor raises or lowers...
The authors evaluate the effects of idiosyncratic shocks to a father's income on his children's probability of dropping out of school, entering the labor market, or failing to advance to the next grade...
The Slovenian transition represents a slow, but steady liberalization of constraints on competition. Using a unique longitudinal data set on all manufacturing firms in Slovenia over the period 1994-2001...
Balochistan Province initiated two pilot programs, attempting to induce the creation of private schools for the poor. This study reviews the factors which led to the success in urban areas, and the relative...
Female literacy is very low in Pakistan, especially in rural areas. Only fifteen percent of adult women in Balochistan, the largest but least populated province of Pakistan, have even attended school...
Evaluating education reforms : four cases in developing countries; by Elizabeth M. King, and Peter F. Orazem. Do community-managed schools work? An evaluation of El Salvador's EDUCO program; by Emmanuel...
This study evaluates a program designed to stimulate girls' schooling through the creation of private girls' schools in poor urban neighborhoods of Quetta, Pakistan. Enrollment growth in these randomly...
In decentralized education systems programs that promote central mandates may have to be devolved to local governments, communities, and providers. When participation by local governments and providers...
This symposium features four studies of education reforms and their impact on enrollment and learning. Three are part of a research project funded by the World Bank's Development Research Group and its...
The authors analyze changes in women's relative wages, using social security data from Slovenia (1987-92) and a retrospective survey of Estonia's labor force (1989-94). Estonia adopted liberal labor market...
The authors use a retrospective survey of 9,608 individuals, aged 16 to 75, to monitor the effects of Estonia's economic transition on wages and employment. Estonia is an interesting case because of its...
Variation in school attributes, proximity, and fees across neighborhoods is used to identify factors which affect whether poor households send their children to government school, private school, or no...
Does participation improve performance? Establishing causality with subjective data. Winners and losers in transition: returns to education, experience, and gender in Slovenia. An eclectic approach to...