This policy brief presents an update on the state of unhappiness and depression in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region during the COVID-19 pandemic using findings from a large-scale phone survey...
This policy brief presents an update on the state of domestic violence or other violence against women in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region during the COVID-19 pandemic using findings from...
This policy brief presents an update on the state of food security and the gender gap in food insecurity in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region during the COVID-19 pandemic using findings from...
Climate change is one of the defining challenges of our time. While the impacts of climate change on people’s well-being can hardly be denied, it may not be as obvious that the impacts could differ by...
Work-related migration has many potential drivers. While current literature has outlined a theoretical framework of various “push-pull” factors affecting the likelihood of international migration, empirical...
This paper studies the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on Indonesia’s labor market by exploiting the exogeneous timing of the pandemic in a seasonal difference-in-differences framework. The analysis uses...
This thematic policy note is part of a series that provides an analytical foundation for the update to the World Bank Group Gender Strategy (FY24-30). This series seeks to give a broad overview of the...
Las brechas de género en la participación en la fuerza laboral persisten en todo el mundo. Cerrar estas brechas puede dar lugar a beneficios considerables para las economías, a saber, un aumento promedio...
ا تزال فجوات المشاركة في القوى العاملة بي ن الجنسي ن قائمةً في جميع أنحاء العالم. ويُمكِن أن يؤدي سد هذه الفجوات إلى مكاسب كب ي ¢ة للاقتصادات — زيادة متوسط نصيب الفرد من إجما ي ل الناتج المح ي...
Les écarts entre les sexes dans la population active persistent dans le monde. Combler ces disparités produirait des gains économiques importants, notamment une augmentation de 20 % du PIB par habitant...
Twenty-two studies from lower- and middle-income countries rigorously tested if an increase in access to childcare improved mothers’ labor force participation or earnings. All but one study found at least...
Improving women’s labor force participation and the quality of their employment can boost economic growth and support poverty and inequality reduction; thus, it is highly pertinent for the development...
This paper reports on gender differences in responses to a randomized controlled trial that provided encouragement and information nudges to take subsequent economics courses and major in the subject for...
This paper studies the long-term and intergenerational effects of the 1970s Indonesian school construction program, which was one of the largest ever conducted. Exploiting variation across birth cohorts...
While a large body of literature has documented positive impacts of institutional childcare on maternal labor supply, thinner evidence is available on whether childcare can also nudge women into better...
While a large body of literature has documented positive impacts of institutional childcare on maternal labor supply, thinner evidence is available on whether childcare can also nudge women into better...
One in three Indonesian women have experienced Gender-Based Violence (GBV) in their lifetime. The Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic may further exacerbate the risks of GBV. First, additional stress due to...
At 50.9 percent, female labor force participation in Indonesia is far below the regional average of 60.8 percent. Is it being hindered by a lack of affordable childcare services in the country? This paper...
Female labor force participation (FLFP) in Indonesia lags behind other countries in the region. Building on previous work that shows that unmet childcare needs are associated with low FLFP in Indonesia...
Female labor force participation (FLFP) in Indonesia lags behind other countries in the region and has remained more or less unchanged since 1990. Descriptive evidence by the same authors points to unmet...