This paper empirically examines the multiple impacts of alternative, major fiscal instruments on decarbonization in countries in the Middle East and North Africa. It also examines the effects of decarbonization...
Growth is projected to accelerate to 4.7 percent in 2025, driven by new oil production flows, before subsiding towards its long-term potential rate, thereafter. Inflation is expected to decrease but will...
Economic growth rose to 4.3 percent in H1 2024, driven by the non-hydrocarbon sector supported by public investment. Annual inflation fell to 1.1 percent as external pressures subsided. External and fiscal...
Ratings of Trans-Anatolian Natural Gas Pipeline (TANAP) Project for Europe and Central Asia were as follows: outcome was satisfactory, Bank performance was satisfactory, and monitoring and evaluation quality...
Niger’s risk of external and overall public debt distress is assessed “moderate”—unchanged from the previous DSA. The response to the COVID-19 pandemic required higher borrowing and the shock entailed...
Iran’s economy is gradually recovering following a lost decade (2011–2020) of negligible economic growth. Less stringent COVID-19 restrictions, adaptation to the new normal - reflected in a recovery in...
The history of Iraq over the past decade is a stark example of increasing vertical and horizontal inequalities, preceding and following a period of violent conflict. This paper uses a cross-section of...
Border carbon adjustments imply that high-income countries set taxes on energy-intensive imports that are proportional to the carbon content of these imports, to match their own carbon taxes. This paper...
The paper examines the impact of oil shocks on sovereign credit default swaps (CDS) for the G10 countries and major oil-exporting countries. The results show that oil demand shocks have a uniformly negative...
Niger’s risk of external and overall public debt distress has increased but the risk rating remains moderate. The response to the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic required higher borrowing, but, more importantly...
Following the collapse in output in the second quarter of 2020, the strength of the global rebound is quickly fading as persistently high new daily COVID-19 cases hinder activity. The global composite...
Following the collapse in output in the second quarter of 2020, the strength of the global rebound is quickly fading as persistently high new daily COVID-19 cases hinder activity. The global composite...
This debt sustainability analysis (DSA) provides an update to the joint World Bank-IMF LIC-DSA of April 2020, in the context of the Cameroonian authorities’ request for a second disbursement under the...
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Kazakhstan is an upper-middle income, resource rich country. Its ascent to upper-middle income status was propelled by rising oil production and booming oil prices which pushed the average annual rate...
Economic conditions in Yemen remained relatively calm in February and internet connectivity was restored. Risks of monetary disruption continue, and indirect global crisis impacts through oil prices and...