This paper documents new facts on corporate taxation and the revenue potential of corporate minimum taxes, leveraging firm-level tax returns from 16 countries. First, effective tax rates follow a humped-shaped...
Fiscal rules have been shown to support fiscal discipline by improving government budget balances and restraining the growth of debt. However, questions remain about what enhances their effectiveness and...
The Debt Sustainability Analysis (DSA) assesses Comoros’ external and overall debt as sustainable including in the medium term but continuing to remain at high risk of debt distress. Although debt indicators...
On December 18, 2024, International Finance Corporation (IFC) Board of Governors adopted resolution number two hundred and eighty-three. It was resolved that: (i) the transfer of the Corporation’s FY24...
The Gulf Economic Update (GEU) is the product of the Economic Policy unit for Middle East and North Africa at the World Bank Group. It provides an update on key economic developments and policies in the...
The impacts of climate change on developing economies are becoming increasingly severe, creating challenges for risk management and requiring enhanced levels of resilience. This paper explores how to mitigate...
The paper examines the macroeconomic effects of public investment in emerging market and developing economies. To this end, the analysis develops a new measure of public investment shocks based on cyclically...
The Nigeria Development Update (NDU) is a World Bank report series produced twice a year that assesses recent economic and social developments and prospects in Nigeria, and places these in a longer-term...
The development objective of the Supporting Reconstruction Through Smart Fiscal Governance: Surge Program for Results for Ukraine is to establish the institutional foundations for implementation and financing...
Ukraine’s situation remains challenging, even though the economy continues to prove resilient and has narrowed the output gap. Reforms and close coordination with international partners have mitigated...
Macroeconomic normalization is delivering results: disinflation has begun; growth is rebalancing; current account dynamics have improved; FX reserves are rebuilding; financial markets have stabilized;...
Ukraine’s situation remains challenging, even though the economy continues to prove resilient and has narrowed the output gap. Reforms and close coordination with international partners have mitigated...
Macroeconomic normalization is delivering results: disinflation has begun; growth is rebalancing; current account dynamics have improved; FX reserves are rebuilding; financial markets have stabilized;...
Türkiye has started implementing decisive macroeconomic stabilization policies after the May 2023 elections. These policies—based on tighter monetary policy, a relatively prudent fiscal stance, and a structural...
This note specifically focuses on explaining the impact of the application of the EU’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) on the economy of the Republic of North Macedonia as requested by the authorities...
The COVID-19 pandemic and the global shocks that followed have worsened fiscal and debt positions in small states, intensifying their already substantial fiscal challenges—especially the need to manage...
This paper presents an evaluation of a tax enforcement program conducted in Indonesia where officials from the tax authority visited properties to engage directly with owners about their property tax obligations...
The Green Budget Tagging Guidelines Conceptual Approach establishes a comprehensive framework for implementing green budget expenditure tagging in the Kyrgyz Republic, aligning with the country’s fiscal...
Данный концептуальный подход к маркировке «зеленых» расходов бюджета создает всеобъемлющую основу для введения маркировки «зеленых» расходов бюджета в Кыргызской Республике, которая соответствует Основным...
This Debt Sustainability Analysis (DSA) assesses Togo to be at moderate risk of external debt distress and high overall risk of public debt distress—unchanged from the last DSA.2 Judgement was applied...