Debt-related risks have increased. Public debt levels in low-income countries (LICs) and emerging markets (EMs) were already high before the COVID-19 pandemic and have increased further due to the pandemic...
Ethiopia faces political, economic, and humanitarian challenges. Support from the international community weakened notably during the two-year conflict in Tigray but is now resuming. Bunching of debt service...
On January 17, 2025, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) Board of Governors adopted resolution number seven hundred and ten. It was resolved that IBRD transfer from surplus...
This Debt Sustainability Analysis (DSA) assesses Togo to be at moderate risk of external debt distress and high overall risk of public debt distress - unchanged from the last DSA. Judgement was applied...
Under the updated low-income country debt sustainability framework (LIC DSF), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) remains at moderate risk of both external and overall debt distress, with some capacity...
Côte d’Ivoire’s overall and external public debt remain at moderate risk of debt distress and show significative improvements compared to the DSA prior to the debt management operation (DMO) completed...
Papua New Guinea (PNG) remains at high risk of debt distress under the Low-Income Country Debt Sustainability Framework (LIC-DSF), with weak debt-carrying capacity. External debt risks are elevated due...
The Gambia’s overall and external debt distress risk ratings remain high, and public debt continues to be deemed sustainable, similar to the previous DSA. Under the updated macro framework, the external...
This low-income countries debt sustainability analysis (LIC-DSA) provides a streamlined update to the April 2024 LIC-DSA, adding two elements: (i) US 125 million dollars under the World Bank’s Development...
The Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR) is assessed to be in external and overall debt distress under the low-income countries’ debt sustainability framework (LIC-DSF). The Lao PDR is assessed to be...
This Debt Sustainability Analysis (DSA) updates the analysis conducted at the time of the request for a disbursement under the food shock window of the rapid credit facility (RCF) approved in January 2023...
Timor-Leste remains at moderate risk of overall and external debt distress, with application of judgement, unchanged from the 2023 Article IV debt sustainability analysis. The present value of the external...
This background paper delves deeper into the analysis of technical aspects of the LIC-DSF econometric model and implementation, the use of debt-carrying capacity as tool to parsimoniously capture country...
This International Finance Corporation (IFC) Research Note analyzes the cost of borrowing for firms in emerging and developing economies, changes in their debt structure, and indicators of indebtedness...
Improved creditor processes have helped streamline sovereign debt restructurings and shorten timelines in the past 12 months. Further progress is needed to make the resolution of the cases of unsustainable...
This DSA is prepared jointly by the staff of the IMF and the World Bank, in collaboration with the authorities of Liberia. The Debt Sustainability Analysis assesses Liberia at moderate risk of external...