E-commerce, defined broadly as the sale of goods and services facilitated through the internet, is a key growth opportunity for Albania. Sellers can benefit from internet marketing, 24-hour online shopping...
In the fight against COVID-19 (coronavirus), economic activities that require close physical contact have been severely restricted. In this context, e-commerce – defined broadly as the sale of goods or...
As a small transition economy, Albania has achieved significant progress, and the average year-to-year growth rate of trade from 2000 to 2017 has outperformed the world average reaching almost eleven percent...
Chile’s furthest northern and southern regions are designated as Extreme Zones or Zonas Extremas and benefit from special public policies that grant fiscal incentives to residents and companies to encourage...
Over the last decade, Colombia has taken important steps towards the strengthening of its economic apparatus and its integration into the Global economy.The Colombian economy strategy is cemented in a...
The envisioned economic transformation requires a shift from a remittance-fueled growth model to one fueled by productivity and investment. Integration into the global marketplace is a powerful vehicle...
As a small economy, Uruguay’s growth and poverty reduction prospects are closely related to its performance in international markets. This report analyzes export dynamics in Uruguay over the period 2000-2013...
As a small economy, Uruguay’s growth and poverty reduction prospects are closely related to its performance in international markets. This report analyzes export dynamics in Uruguay over the period 2000-2013...
Market integration is key to ensuring sufficient and stable food supplies. This paper assesses the impediments to market integration in Central and Eastern Africa for three food staples: maize, rice, and...
This note analyzes the impact that joining the Eurasian Customs Union will have on the Kyrgyz Republic’s garment sector and options for improving the sector’s competitiveness. The paper finds that joining...
The least developed countries rely on preferential market access. To benefit from these preferences, proof of sufficient transformation must be provided to customs in importing countries by meeting the...
Least developed countries rely on preferential market access. Proof of sufficient transformation has to be provided to customs in importing countries by meeting Rules of Origin requirements to benefit...
Using a new database on Chinese food standards, this paper estimates the impact of volunta-ry and mandatory standards on its agricultural and food exports. The dataset covers seven Chinese products from...
This paper evaluates the impact of foreign aid to five service sectors (transportation, information and communications technologies, energy, banking/financial services, and business services) on exports...
The authors estimate the impact of aggregate indicators of "soft" and "hard" infrastructure on the export performance of developing countries. They build four new indicators for 101 countries over the...
Product standards can have a dual impact on production and trade costs. Standards may impose additional costs on exporters as it may be necessary to adapt products for specific markets (cost-effect). In...
Rules of origin are legitimate policy instruments to prevent trade deflection in a preferential trade agreement short of a customs union. Trade deflection takes place when a product imported into the preferential...
This paper reviews data and research on trade costs for Sub-Saharan African countries. It focuses on: border-related costs, transport costs, costs related to behind-the border issues, and the costs of...
With free trade areas (FTAs) under negotiation between Japan and the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) members and between the Republic of Korea and AFTA members, preferential market access will become more...
Tracking NAFTA's shadow 10 years on -- introduction to the symposium, by Daniel Lederman and Luis Serven. Spatial dimensions of trade liberalization and economic convergence -- Mexico 1985-2002, by Patricio...