Over the past twenty-five years, cofinancing has become an integral part of the World Bank's activities. It has allowed a tremendous level of resources to be efficiently and quickly channeled to developing...
This report presents an overview of the national Small Scale Privatization Program (SSP) implemented by the government of Kazakhstan with the assistance of the World Bank and the U.S. Agency for International...
Partial government guarantees of private financing can be an effective tool for maintaining public-private partnerships. Loan guarantees that cover some or all of the risk of repayment are frequently used...
During the coming years, air transport infrastructure needs to be expanded and modernized to accommodate the growing demand for international travel and transport of goods and merchandise. Developing countries...
Advanced infrastructure, as addressed in this article, refers to a spectrum of transportation and communications systems and services enhanced by using information technology and delivered by innovative...
An Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP) is a mechanism to facilitate employee ownership in a company. While broadening employee ownership, ESOPs can be a sueful policy instrument for promoting privatization...
Railways have a unique position in the state ownership portfolios and industrial policies of most nations, because of their long and complex histories and the unique dual public utility/private use aspects...
This paper looks at the evolution of the commercial real estate market in Russia in the first three years of reform. Problems in this market's development have led to a severe shortage of available space...
This paper is about policy reform in the telecommunications sector, where not only the physical network elements, but also the institutional elements are interdependent. Developing countries are in transition...
A management contract (MC) is a contractual arrangement for the management of a public enterprise (PE) by the private sector. Management contracts have been utilized in many spheres of economic activity...
This paper looks at the experience of four countries in Central Europe -- Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic, and the Slovak Republic -- and reviews their experiencee in trade sales. Selling state companies...
This paper looks at the experience of four countries in Central Europe -- Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic, and the Slovak Republic -- and reviews their experiencee in trade sales. Selling state companies...
The hard work of restructuring a state-owned enterprise and preparing it for privatization goes on well after the initial heady reorganization (which marks the beginning of the process) has ended. Even...
In the first paper, the author discusses how Japan's commercial banking system helped the industrial sector to respond to the post-war challenges faced by the country. It analyzes the experience of Japanese...
This study examines the experiences of three Eastern European countries - the Czech Republic, Poland, and Hungary - in privatizing the retail, catering, and service sectors of their economies. The primary...
This survey examines the privatization program in Argentina, the result of a strong commitment by the country~^!!^s top political leadership to economic recovery. The privatization program is wide ranging...
This paper presents a brief history of the use of officially-supported export credits extended to importers on the basis of a guarantee/insurance provided by a government-supported institution or agency...
This paper is an attempt to provide a comprehensive overview of the privatization experience in Tunisia, focusing upon the respective roles of the public and private sectors, the relationship between them...