The objectives of the Additional Financing for the Regional Communications Infrastructure Program Kenya Transparency and Communications Infrastructure Project are to: (i) contribute to lower prices for international capacity and extend the geographic reach of broadband networks, and (ii) contribute to improved Government efficiency and transparency through e-government applications.
... Подробнее + The additional credit will help finance the costs associated with the scale-up of existing project components in order to implement expanded activities that increase the project's impact and development effectiveness. The request aligns with plans for transformation within Kenya's political governance system under vision 2030, which aims to 'create transparent, accountable, ethical and results-oriented government institutions'. While the re-engineered Kenya Integrated Financial Management Information System (KIFMIS) and eGovernment services funded under AF1 specifically support the government's strategy of 'promoting results-based management within the public service' and 'encouraging public access to information and data', the requested AF2 will be used for complementing existing project activities and enabling the Kenyan National Government to work closely with county governments to enhance Information and Communications Technology, or ICT reforms.
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The key messages in this brief are as follows: 1) Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)-related research output and impact are related to a regions long-run economic development. 2) The overall publication output by Sub-Saharan Africa has increased over the past ten years, but not all subregions have grown at the same pace. 3) While relative output in the Health Sciences has increased, relative output in the Physical Sciences/STEM has been stagnant. 4) The impact of research in the Health Sciences is much greater than that in Physical Sciences/STEM, even after controlling for differences in citation norms. 5) Science is an international enterprise, and research collaboration is an important driver of success.
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The key messages in this brief are as follows: 1) Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)-related research output and impact are related to a regions long-run economic development. 2) The overall publication output by Sub-Saharan Africa has increased over the past ten years, but not all subregions have grown at the same pace. 3) While relative output in the Health Sciences has increased, relative output in the Physical Sciences/STEM has been stagnant. 4) The impact of research in the Health Sciences is much greater than that in Physical Sciences/STEM, even after controlling for differences in citation norms. 5) Science is an international enterprise, and research collaboration is an important driver of success.
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The development objective of the Economic Transformation and Institutional Capacity Building Project for China is to guide compliance with safeguards policies related to environment and social impacts during the implementation of subprojects to ensure that environmental and social issues are adequately considered during subproject implementation.
... Подробнее + As subprojects will be identified and proposed for financing on a rolling-basis during implementation, screening of potential environmental and social impacts will be conducted in accordance with the Framework and corresponding mitigation and management measures will be developed as needed. Environmental and social impact screening, mitigation and management measures development and implementation will follow these steps: (1) screening proposed subprojects for potential environmental and social impacts according to Chinese regulations and World Bank policies and proposing environmental and social impact mitigation measures or documents; (2) review, screening and determination of environmental and social impact mitigation measures which are to be taken/developed ; (3) preparation of environmental and social impact documents, consultation and disclosure; (4) review and clearance of environmental and social impact documents and supervision.
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Оценка состояния окружающей среды E4495 MAR 01, 2014
Credible information about risk is an essential element of Disaster Risk Management (DRM). Thousands of times each year, disasters reveal decisions about how to apply this information to the management of risk.
... Подробнее + When a school collapses during a moderate earthquake, citizens may point to the failure of the construction firm to adhere to building standards, or to the failure of a government to enforce building codes, or to the education ministry that should have retrofitted the structure to better resist known seismic risks. In each case, critical information was missing, information that might have driven a different choice about architectural designs, building materials, the site for the building (siting), or actions to remediate a known vulnerability. Across the disaster risk management cycle, institutions are now engaged in a process to build this stock of information. The aim is to improve the chain of decision making across an entire system, from the donors who fund retrofitting of schools to the parents who need to know how safe their local schools are.
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On June 30, 2013, the World Bank completed the third year of implementing its landmark policy on Access to Information (AI policy). In this third year, which covers the fiscal year period of July 1, 2012, through June 30, 2013 (FY 2013), the public made in excess of one million visits to the World Bank's Documents and Reports database, viewed more than 6.6 million pages and downloaded more than one million files.
... Подробнее + Through its dedicated public Access to Information (AI), the World Bank has made available to the public, for direct searching and browsing, more than 150,000 documents, which includes over 72,000 operational documents, 18,000 legal documents, and 46,000 publications and research reports. This includes over 18,000 documents that the World Bank newly declassified in FY 2013. The World Bank continued to make available to the public through its AI website the documents of its Board of Executive Directors (Board), including the Boards work program and scheduled discussions, and documents released to the public before Board discussion (i.e., simultaneously disclosed Board documents). In FY 2013, the World Bank simultaneously disclosed 99 Board documents.
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Since 2006, the World Bank has employed a programmatic and sub-regional approach to poverty focused analytical and policy work in the Western Balkans (comprising Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Kosovo, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, and Serbia).
... Подробнее + The programmatic multi-year approach has ensured continuity in long term efforts such as statistical capacity building, while also permitting a great deal of flexibility to respond to emerging developments such as the financial crisis and recession. In addition to the Bank's own resources, the Western Balkans Programmatic Poverty Assessment (PPA) was supported by a trust fund financed by the United Kingdom's Department for International Development (DFID, also known as UKAid) from 2006 until 2011. The three main objectives of the task were: 1) to enhance the ability of KAS (formerly known as the Statistical Office of Kosovo) to collect household survey data and to conduct and disseminate survey data analysis; 2) to enlarge the pool of users of data for primary and secondary analysis, expanding access to data for users outside of KAS, as well as strengthening the capacity of users to undertake and present policy-relevant analysis; and 3) to increase the use of empirical, data-based policy analysis in the formulation, implementation, and evaluation of polices in Kosovo.
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Tracking progress in sustainable agriculture and forest management is challenging: distances are long, populations are sparse, interventions range from policies to crop and livestock practices, and the voice of the farmer is critical for success.
... Подробнее + Recent approaches focusing on climate impacts and land use pressures (climate-smart agriculture and landscape approach) add to the complexity and require efficient data collection and analysis methods. The systemization of information and communication technology (ICT) in the monitoring and evaluation (M and E) process enables accountability- from field staff to regional and central governments and development partners. The leapfrog effects of ICT have increased access to quality information, eased knowledge sharing among practitioners and resource-constrained governments, and created opportunities to improve accountability. The expansion of ICT has also made the work of development practitioners easier and more accurate. In some regions there are already more mobile phone subscriptions than people, and even internet access has become more common. This report identifies where ICT has expanded the capacity to perform good M and E and, more importantly, it identifies where it has not. It identifies where and how it can expand data collection and M and E, but also why and how technology is not a replacement for human agency and involvement in analysis and interpretation tasks. This report seeks to present solutions to some of the questions concerning data collection and M and E. It is designed to be an operational piece that addresses how governments and practitioners can use ICT to improve their data collection and M&E efforts in rural development projects. The first section gives overview. The second section of the report focuses on the most important aspect of ICT use: articulating the needs of the project and users. The third section provides an overview of five models currently used to implement and integrate information technology into M and E efforts. The crux of the report centers on choosing the right product or set of products for the project, and it includes cross-comparative guidance on application features such as data validation, offline capacity, dashboards, and built-in analytics in section four. The service design section deals with issues inherent to the provision of public services, such as how to provide appropriate incentives for the participation necessary to sustain the program and why post-data collection efforts are critical to success is discussed in section five. Along with these practical approaches to deploying ICT, the report describes five case studies on mobile-based data collection in the agriculture and forest sectors in section six. The conclusion section follows the case studies in section seven.
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Рабочие документы (нумерованная серия) 83305 DEC 01, 2013
Evidence-gap maps present a new addition to the tools available to support evidence-informed policy making. Evidence-gap maps are thematic evidence collections covering a range of issues such as maternal health, HIV/AIDS, and agriculture.
... Подробнее + They present a visual overview of existing systematic reviews or impact evaluations in a sector or subsector, schematically representing the types of interventions evaluated and outcomes reported. Gap maps enable policy makers and practitioners to explore the findings and quality of the existing evidence and facilitate informed judgment and evidence-based decision making in international development policy and practice. The gap map also identifies key "gaps" where little or no evidence from impact evaluations and systematic reviews is available and where future research should be focused. Thus, gap maps can be a useful tool for developing a strategic approach to building the evidence base in a particular sector. This paper provides an introduction to evidence-gap maps, outlines the gap-map methodology, and presents some examples.
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Рабочий документ в рамках исследования вопросов политики WPS6725 DEC 01, 2013
Snilstveit, Birte; Vojtkova, Martina; Bhavsar, Ami; Gaarder, Marie
This paper studies the relationship between inequality of opportunity and development outcomes in a cross-country setting. Scholars have long debated the impact of inequality on growth, development, and the quality of institutions in a society.
... Подробнее + The empirical relationships are however confounded by the notion that "inequality" can be seen as a composite of inequality arising from differences in effort and ability, which would tend to encourage competition and productivity, and inequality attributable to unequal opportunities, particularly in terms of access to basic goods and services, which might translate to wasted human potential and lower levels of development. The analysis in this paper applies a measure of educational opportunities that incorporates inequality between "types" or circumstance groups. Theories from economic history are used to instrument for this type of inequality in a large cross-country dataset. The results seem to confirm the hypothesis that this measure of inequality of opportunity is a better fit for structural inequality than the Gini index of income. The results suggest that inequality of endowments at the outset of history led to unequal educational opportunities, which in turn affected development outcomes such as institutional quality, infant mortality, and economic growth. The findings are robust to several checks on the instrumental variable specification.
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Рабочий документ в рамках исследования вопросов политики WPS6735 DEC 01, 2013
During the period of July - October 2013, the World Bank conducted its third annual Access to Information (AI) survey. This survey sought to obtain public feedback that could help the institution assess the public's satisfaction with the Bank's AI systems and processes, and identify opportunities to improve.
... Подробнее + It focused on three issues: 1) the adequacy of the Bank's information systems; 2) the quality of the Bank's service in support of the public's requests for information; and 3) the ability of the Bank to meet the requesters' information needs. Results show that the public's overall satisfaction levels in 2013 stayed relatively the same as in the previous year. Eighty-eight percent of the survey responses rated the adequacy of the Bank's information systems in the satisfactory range. With respect to the Bank's quality of service, seventy-six percent of the survey responses gave the Bank a rating in the satisfactory range. Lastly, with respect to the Bank's ability to meet the requesters' information needs, eighty-four percent of the survey responses rated the Bank in the satisfactory range.
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The Fourth Adaptable Program Loan (APL4) for Central African Backbone Project of Gabon main objective is to contribute to extend the geographic coverage and use of the services of the regional broadband telecommunications network and to reduce their prices in the Republic of Gabon.
... Подробнее + The project activities will have negative impacts on the environment. Summary of negative environmental impacts are: Impacts on air quality through temporary and local deterioration of the air quality; Risk of coastal erosion at the beach of la Sablière; Risk of change in soil structure and erosion risks along the route of the project; Potential impacts on flora (minor); Disturbance of natural habitats in the marine environment; Impact on the marine environment and risks of pollution of marine waters: Environmental pollution by discharges of waste from the work; Increased turbidity of water, thus increasing the suspended sediments; Pollution of the environment and marine waters by waste from work; disturbance of the seabed during the burial of the cable, and therefore the marine habitats; Risk of spread of STIs/HIV/AIDS among the populations and the workers.
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Оценка состояния окружающей среды E2925 OCT 10, 2013
The objective of the Sava Waterway Rehabilitation Project for Bosnia and Herzegovina is to improve the operational performance and safety of commercial and leisure vessels on the Sava River, thereby contributing to improved utilization of the river ports.
... Подробнее + Negative impacts include: air pollution, dust, flora and fauna, noise pollution, soil erosion, and waste management. Mitigation measures include: a) prohibit tourist recreational traffic and traffic of high-speed boats in the vicinity of known spawning places; b) provide safe disposal of sanitary waste water from ships in ports. The ships should undertake ballast water management measures in accordance with requirements of the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships Ballast Water and Sediments; c) provide appropriate procedures for managing chemical and fuel storage areas. Fuelling, loading and unloading activities on ships should be conducted by properly trained personnel according to pre-established formal procedures; d) prohibit tourist recreational traffic and traffic of high-speed boats in the vicinity of known spawning places; and e) allow passage of vessels that transport hazardous cargo and substances (chemical, oil, etc.) only with police entourage.
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Оценка состояния окружающей среды E4213 OCT 07, 2013
The purpose of this study is to investigate the association between electronic filing (e-filing) and the total tax compliance costs incurred by small and medium size businesses in developing countries, based on survey data from South Africa, Ukraine, and Nepal.
... Подробнее + A priori, most observers expect that use of e-filing should reduce tax compliance costs, but this analysis suggests that the assumption should be more nuanced. In particular, policies that require business taxpayers to submit paper-based information in addition to their e-filing roughly negate savings that would otherwise be realized. In addition, adoption of e-filing requires an up-front investment by the business not only in capital assets, but also in the time, effort, and resources required to learn how to use e-filing properly and efficiently. Small businesses, in particular, are likely to face a steep "learning curve" and should probably not be forced to use e-filing before the majority of them have access to computers (with reliable electricity service) and have had a chance to become familiar with both computer use and the Internet.
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Рабочий документ в рамках исследования вопросов политики WPS6647 OCT 01, 2013